posted by Melissa Breyer May 3, 2011 6:01 pm
For many of us a morning without coffee or tea is a like the proverbial day without sunshine. For me much of it is about the ritual. Okay, who am I kidding? It’s about the caffeine. Mmm, I love caffeine–that naturally occurring alkaloid found in the leaves, seeds and fruits of more than 63 plant species worldwide. But at what risk do I indulge in my morning coffee and afternoon espresso?
Caffeine is most famous for its role as a stimulant and it’s ability to delay fatigue. I clearly get a boost of energy and clarity, as had been scientifically proven. But caffeine has also acquired a bad-boy reputation–an unfair one, perhaps? Extensive studies into its safety show that there are still many misconceptions about caffeine. Allow me to tackle some of the myths surrounding my beloved alkaloid.
Myth No. 1: Caffeine is addictive
Facts: Well, this depends on what you consider “addictive.” Caffeine is a stimulant to the central nervous system, and regular use of caffeine might cause mild physical dependence–but caffeine doesn’t affect your life the way addictive drugs do, and thus most experts don’t consider caffeine dependence an addiction, per se. When regular caffeine consumption is quickly halted, some of us experience symptoms that last from one to several days–this can be avoided if caffeine consumption is reduced slowly.
Facts: Well, this depends on what you consider “addictive.” Caffeine is a stimulant to the central nervous system, and regular use of caffeine might cause mild physical dependence–but caffeine doesn’t affect your life the way addictive drugs do, and thus most experts don’t consider caffeine dependence an addiction, per se. When regular caffeine consumption is quickly halted, some of us experience symptoms that last from one to several days–this can be avoided if caffeine consumption is reduced slowly.
If you’ve tried to stop cold turkey, you have experienced one of these symptoms:
headache
fatigue
anxiety
irritability
depressed mood
difficulty concentrating
Myth No. 2: Caffeine causes insomnia
Fact: It depends. The human body absorbs caffeine quickly, but it also flushes it quickly. According to Processed mainly through the liver, caffeine has a relatively short half-life. On average it takes four to five hours to rid half of the consumed caffeine from your body–after another five hours 75 percent of it is eliminated. Unless you are very sensitive, a morning cup or two shouldn’t effect your sleep.
Fact: It depends. The human body absorbs caffeine quickly, but it also flushes it quickly. According to Processed mainly through the liver, caffeine has a relatively short half-life. On average it takes four to five hours to rid half of the consumed caffeine from your body–after another five hours 75 percent of it is eliminated. Unless you are very sensitive, a morning cup or two shouldn’t effect your sleep.
But if you have a quick latte at the 3:00PM slump, or an espresso after dinner–you may be counting sheep for a lot longer than you’re comfortable with. Your sleep shouldn’t be affected if you steer clear of caffeine for at least six hours before bedtime. Your sensitivity may vary, though, depending on your metabolism and the amount of caffeine you regularly consume.
Myth No. 3: Caffeine increases risk for osteoporosis, heart disease, and cancer
Fact: Moderate amounts of caffeine–about 300 milligrams, roughly three cups of coffee–apparently cause no harm in most healthy adults. Although some people are more sensitive to its effects, including older people and those with high blood pressure. Here are the facts by condition.
Fact: Moderate amounts of caffeine–about 300 milligrams, roughly three cups of coffee–apparently cause no harm in most healthy adults. Although some people are more sensitive to its effects, including older people and those with high blood pressure. Here are the facts by condition.
Osteoporosis: At high levels (more than 744 milligrams per day, around seven or eight cups of coffee), caffeine may increase calcium and magnesium loss in urine. But recent studies suggest it does not increase your risk for bone loss, especially if you get enough calcium. You can offset the calcium lost from drinking one cup of coffee by adding just two tablespoons of milk. However, research does show some links between caffeine and hip fracture risk in older adults. Older adults may be more sensitive to the effects of caffeine on calcium metabolism. If you’re an older woman, discuss with your doctor whether you should limit your daily caffeine intake to 300 milligrams or less.
Heart disease: Large-scale studies have shown that caffeine consumption does not increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and does not raise cholesterol levels or cause irregular heartbeat. A slight, temporary rise in heart rate and blood pressure is common in those who are sensitive to caffeine–but the rise is minimal and comparative to normal activity like walking up stairs. That said, ff you have high blood pressure talk to your doctor about caffeine intake as some people may be more sensitive to its effects. Also, more research is needed to tell whether caffeine increases the risk for stroke in people with high blood pressure.
Cancer: Reviews of 13 studies involving 20,000 people revealed no relationship between cancer and caffeine. In fact, caffeine may even have a protective effect against certain cancers.
Myth No. 4: Pregnant women or those trying to get pregnant should avoid caffeine
Fact: I don’t know–it seemed natural for me to avoid caffeine both times I was pregnant, but numerous large-scale studies have looked at the effects of caffeine-containing beverages on reproductive factors, and the results suggests that moderate caffeine consumption is safe. As well, studies looking at the relationship between caffeine and the time taken to conceive have provided no solid evidence that consumption of caffeine containing beverages may reduce the likelihood of a woman conceiving. Two major studies in the U.S. found no correlation between caffeine consumption and pregnancy outcome or birth defects. In addition, recent studies have found no correlation between caffeine intake and spontaneous abortion or abnormal foetal growth. However, questions remain about the effects of high doses of caffeine and it is wise for pregnant women to practice moderation (less than 200mg per day)
.
Myth No. 5: Caffeine is bad for kids
Fact: Ack–as of 2004, children ages 6 to 9 consumed about 22 milligrams of caffeine per day–and with the increasing popularity of energy drinks that number is expected to rise. In general, kids have the same ability to process caffeine that adults do. Studies have shown that caffeine-containing drinks and foods–consumed in moderation–have no detectable effects on hyperactivity or attention span of children. However, in sensitive children, high doses of caffeine, may cause temporary effects such as excitability, irritability or anxiety.
Fact: Ack–as of 2004, children ages 6 to 9 consumed about 22 milligrams of caffeine per day–and with the increasing popularity of energy drinks that number is expected to rise. In general, kids have the same ability to process caffeine that adults do. Studies have shown that caffeine-containing drinks and foods–consumed in moderation–have no detectable effects on hyperactivity or attention span of children. However, in sensitive children, high doses of caffeine, may cause temporary effects such as excitability, irritability or anxiety.
But really, in my opinion, kids have their entire lives to be (non-) addicted to caffeine. Even if studies do suggest that up to 300mg of caffeine daily is safe for kids, the vehicles by which they are consuming it (sodas and energy drinks) are undeniably unhealthy.
Caffeine Myth No. 6: Caffeine can knock out the alcohol
Fact: Such a cliche–a cup of coffee will erase the martini before, wine with, and the cognac after dinner. What research actually suggests is that people only think caffeine will help them sober up. Alcohol can be very clever that way. People who drink caffeine along with alcohol think they’re fine behind the wheel, when actually reaction time and judgment are still impaired. In fact, college kids who drink both alcohol and caffeine are actually more likely to have car accidents
.
Myth No. 7: Caffeine has no health benefits
Fact: I can tell you right now that caffeine improves alertness, concentration, energy, clear-headedness, and feelings of sociability. Brain-fog be gone! Scientific studies support these subjective experiences–and have shown that caffeine may also improve memory and logical reasoning. One French study showed a slower decline in cognitive ability among women who consumed caffeine–I love the French.
Fact: I can tell you right now that caffeine improves alertness, concentration, energy, clear-headedness, and feelings of sociability. Brain-fog be gone! Scientific studies support these subjective experiences–and have shown that caffeine may also improve memory and logical reasoning. One French study showed a slower decline in cognitive ability among women who consumed caffeine–I love the French.
Caffeine-containing beverages have been in the headlines lately for their high level of antioxidants, which appear to promote heart health and cancer prevention. Other recent reports suggest (although not yet conclusively) that caffeine may be useful in treating allergic reactions due to its ability to reduce the concentration of histamines, the substances that cause the body to respond to an allergy-causing substance. More research is need in this area before conclusions can be drawn however. Limited evidence suggests caffeine may also reduce the risk of the following: Parkinson’s disease, liver disease, colorectal cancer, and type 2 diabetes.
Moderation and caffeine levels
As with everything, moderation is the key. But what is a moderate intake of caffeine for an adult? About 300 mg a day.
Instant coffee: 75mg per per 6-ounce cup
Brewed coffee: 80mg-135mg, per 7-ounce cup
Espresso: 100mg per 2 ounces
Brewed tea: 50mg per 6-ounce cup
Energy drinks: 28-87mg per 8-ounce glass
Cola drinks: 8-53 mg per 8-ounce glass
Other soft drinks: 24mg per 8-ounce glass
Chocolate: 5.5-35.5mg per 1.7 ounces
Brewed coffee: 80mg-135mg, per 7-ounce cup
Espresso: 100mg per 2 ounces
Brewed tea: 50mg per 6-ounce cup
Energy drinks: 28-87mg per 8-ounce glass
Cola drinks: 8-53 mg per 8-ounce glass
Other soft drinks: 24mg per 8-ounce glass
Chocolate: 5.5-35.5mg per 1.7 ounces
